Photography and visual images, the dimension of depth.
This type of photography is based on the arrangement of visual elements. Is natural or whether it is a human construction. The sequence of these things will make the dimension Depth up. These visual elements are common around. We like Street trees, walls, fences, canals, however, that an image is based on a sequence in a straight line, but only if the curve can be used as a dam, a road that has a curved or crooked. Or the curve of the bay. The event is also a great visual elements of photography of this type.
Cautions on the shooting of the depth. If we want to take pictures remotely, such as roads or rivers. It may not be what it is like coming out now is called giving the image depth. But if we want to take pictures near. For example, we want to take the fence, we should take a clear picture as well. By adjusting the aperture to narrow or to be used in the shooting mode to view it.
Digital cameras are increasing in popularity every day. Do not know about it. May seem a little old-fashioned for this era. Many of the younger generation. May begin with a digital camera without a film camera before playing it. Selecting a particular digital camera, compact digital camera. May be more difficult than choosing the camera or cameras Digital SLR (DSLR) as well as in almost everything. I do not have interchangeable lens SLR camera to convey a general description of the image sharpness to the image sensor (Image sensor) Built-in camera, which is an important variable in determining the quality of the images that come out. Or comparable with the film. And also has built-in flash, it must be considered as well. I hope this article will help many. Known and more familiar with digital cameras.
1. Types of digital cameras.Digital cameras are easily found online, there are two types of compact digital cameras. (Also known as digital point-and-shoot point and shoot camera that has it) with a digital SLR (in short, a DSLR) for the first compact camera range from very small to mid-level price. (Currently there since. So far, over forty thousand to ten thousand), most are attached to the zoom lens is not interchangeable. However, there may be a fixed focal length lens, is the only easy to use Auto mode does not do much of anything. And often have a mode ready for shooting close-ups (close-up or macro), shoot fireworks, take a party night, portraits, etc., or like the photographer is not simply a mode A or Av (user selected speed. exposure. Camera selects the shutter speed) mode, S or Tv (shutter speed, the user selects. The camera choose the aperture) and the mode M (manual is a must to own both a) compact digital camera features. That it is not quite. The metering areas. (Multi-segment), Center-weighted average.(Center-weighted), Spot (spot) But there will be a focal spot as well. AF. As a single operation. Or continuous. And a manual focus option, too. While the compact film cameras are. I rarely have to adjust a lot. This is the one for compact film cameras are compact digital camera that has it. So do not be surprised to hear many people complain that digital camera users. (The button to select it. May not always be good for the cameras has not played seriously), a compact digital camera with built-in flash. It is not too high. So that was a little expensive, it has a flash hot shoe (hotshoe) flash power is plugged up. To appease the people who play actively with the camera. In terms of other accessories. Might be used as a lens Converter, filters etc.DSLR camera for a film SLR camera is almost everything. Interchangeable lenses. Plug in an external flash. The use of external accessories such as some that are opposed to the LCD (LCD) and the motor behind the film. There is no back cover. (While writing this, I will cover the Leica 10 megapixel digital SLR camera for the R8 and R9 quite interesting. The back cover is present, no digital cameras, 35mm film to come out at all) what the difference is mostly a matter of degrees is equal to the camera and LCD screen, which took place only after taking a picture (review). Unlike compact digital cameras that use the same batteries with the (preview) The price of a DSLR camera is also quite expensive compared to film SLR cameras.
For more articles about it. Who is going to start my photography, especially not to be missed.
The lens of the camera.
Digital cameras require a lens with a film camera. The lens of the camera serves as the light reflected from the object. The images on the Image Sensor acts like a lens and light to the image. Lens controls the angle of the image. Or the visibility of the image sensor to capture a wide or narrow, how Affect the size of the lens in the wide-angle lens for wide angle shots. Objects appearing in the picture is small. The camera lens to the image that appears as a narrow-angle drill and a small image that appears to be larger. The ratio of the lens. The lens is made to control the amount of light. The quality of the lens has a dramatic effect on color, clarity and detail on the lens or lens Image Sensor, designed specifically for digital camera lens will give a better picture too. When used with digital cameras.
The lens of the camera and the camera lens can be divided into different categories. By the focal length of the lens. The focal length is. The distance between the center of the lens. (In the case of a single lens) to the image sensor. Lens of short focal length wide-angle image. Lens focal length, high angle, the image is narrow. The same lens when used with a different size image sensors. Corner of the picture is different with a 25 mm lens when used with the image sensor size 1 / 2 inches, a telephoto lens. However, when applied to the image sensor, 1.5-inch wide-angle turns.
1. Lens corn (Fish-eye) is a wide-angle lens, the image 180 degrees, one in front of the lens onto the image sensor has two types of corn a circular lens. It is a black circle. Full image and lens corn (Full-Frame) is a straight line to the edge of the torque curve is. For the image to get a good angle. Or to the distortion of the line.
2. Wide-Angle Lens (Wide-Angle Lens) is a lens whose focal length is less than the diagonal of the image of your check. From a very wide angle (Super Wide) and the wide-angle lens (Wide) for imaging a wide angle. Or shooting wide in the area. Landscape images or photos in the near term, among others. To distortion ratio.
3. Telephoto lens (Telephoto) is a lens with focal length greater than the diagonal of the image sensor. The narrow angle camera. Suitable for remote imaging to look closer. In me from a distance looks like a camera lens, wildlife portraits, etc. It is divided into two categories and Telephoto Super Telephoto.
4. Lens (Normal Lens) is a lens with focal length equal to the diagonal of the image of your check. In general shooting.
5. Zoom lens (Zoom Lens) is a lens that can change the focal length is the same. Can provide wide and narrow. The lens is the most commonly used today. Due to the excellent quality and acceptable. Can be divided into sub-categories such as wide-angle zoom lens. Telephoto zoom lens. Zoom lens, wide angle - telephoto. The lens can not change the focal length is a single lens (Fixed Focal Length Lens) to provide better quality zoom lens. It is not easy to use as much. Video quality is very high mainly
In addition to the already divided by the focal length of the lens. The lens is divided into sub-categories. The effect of the lens as well.
1. Macro lens (Macro Lens) lens is designed to shoot close-ups than usual. The lens will be shooting in very close as 105 mm macro lens 200 mm macro.
2. Lenses Soft lenses designed for shooting people. Can make the image soft. And the level of comfort as well as 135 mm F / 2 DC.
3. Glass lens (Mirror Lens) is a mirror image of the lens is crystal clear lens. To reduce the size of the lens and the lens has a lower cost, such as the 500 mm f / 8 Mirror, but the quality of the photo is not as much.
4. Lens control portion of the image (Perspective Control Lens) is a lens that can correct the distortion of the image. Used in architectural photography. Landscape that requires realistic. Or to change the contrast level to maximum depth as 28 mm Threat PC.
5. Lens to prevent image stabilization (Vibration Control Lens) lens with a special mechanism to prevent the stabilization of the image. Suitable for shooting in low light conditions. Or who want to use it's speed is low. To shake hands. But can not compensate for the motion of an object.
6. Lens color maximum force for static solutions. (Aporhromatic Correction Lens) is the trade name of ED, L, APO lens, the lens is at a low light. High refractive index (High Reflexive Index Low Dispersion Glass) to reduce the maximum force for static edge image. The images are crisp, colorful, more realistic.
7. The maximum force for static spherical lens solution. A special optical lens surfaces are spherical. The Lens Aspherical Lens (lens with a curved surface is a circle) to solve the light falling on the same plane of the imaging center and edge definition similar. Which is often used in high-quality wide-angle lens and zoom lens.
Lenses for digital cameras with compact zoom lens is a telephoto lens. In order to use it for many. The lens for Nikon digital SLR is the lens that can replace it. A single lens or zoom up to the buyer. Selection should be used, however. Because each lens type of objective lens and the point of use is different. In general, the wide-angle lens should be moderate. (0.25 times the diagonal of the sensor) to moderate telephoto. (4 times the diagonal of the sensor), the focal length is what is up with that image sensor size is much smaller. Unknown. The camera is on.
Digital cameras are usually the focal length of lens focal length of the two is true. With a focal length equivalent to 35mm to 135 film size 24x36 mm, a lens with focal length 50-40 mm lens has a focal length equivalent to 25-200 mm, etc.
Focal length of lenses for digital SLR as a lens is the focal length is equivalent to a camera 135 and a multiplier of the focal length as 1.7 times, so that when the lens is used with digital cameras will have to. I like the 50mm lens focal length when used with a digital camera lenses 1.5 times, it becomes 75 mm and so on.
Systems of digital cameras.
1. The image (Image Size) size of the digital camera is the number of Pixels in the images recorded onto a storage card. Which can be classified into three major themes is.
1. Number of Image Sensor Pixels on the total number of Pixels on Image Sensors.
2. Number of Pixels that are active in the recording. This is called "Effective Pixels" Number of Effective.
Pixels less than the amount on the Image Sensor Pixels, sometimes referred to as the "Optical Resolution".
3. Number of Pixels recorded onto the image, often called "Recording Pixels" or "Output Pixels" is the number of Pixels is to be saved on the storage card by an amount close to Effective Pixels, but some cameras may have. Recording Pixels Effective Pixels to 1.5 or 2 times greater than the number of Pixels on the rise, it will be a simulation of Effective Pixels Pixels are designed to give more, but overall quality is not increased.
Buying a digital camera or the size of the image resolution to use. Is determined by the number of Effective Pixels camera with lots of Effective Pixels much more likely to have a better quality camera with a number of Effective Pixels but depending on the size of the Image Sersor Size Photo detector for deep color processing, optics and components. others as well.
Most digital cameras to choose the number of Pixels in a shooting in a variety of settings such as camera 5 megapixels may choose to shoot at 5 megapixels, 3 megapixels, 1 megapixel and seven hundred thousand pixels, in general, we can select. resolution of the image by going to Menu (or Setting) and then go to Image Size (or Quality) menu will appear in the resolution of the image.
In general, the number of Pixels will be able to grow larger than the number of Pixels low resolution and contrast better. The rectangular image is more difficult than the number of Pixels of memory space required to store more data. Consumes more processing power. Slower than the camera. The storage and retrieval of images on the storage card. The maximum resolution may not be the best way to record images with a digital camera. This is how to choose the resolution based on the image to use.
1. If you want to take pictures to send E-Mail or use the Presentation in the computer-resolution 1 megapixel is enough.
2.'d Like to print. The image compression with high quality Printer (Photo Quality) to see if the image does. Then multiplied by 300 is the image size and resolution should be set, such as image size and resolution should be set to 4x6 4x300, 6x300 = 1200x1800 Pixels = 2.16 megapixels.
If the gain is high. The camera can not set the resolution as needed. It should be set at the highest resolution the camera can do. The picture quality may be poor. (When viewed in a very close).
3. Inkjet printers print with the image that you want to multiply by 150, but it is a very high resolution Inkjet must be multiplied by 300.
Consumer level digital camera in a 3-megapixel resolution, the compressed image size is 4x6 inch (4R) to 8x10 inches (8R) and quality. Prosumer level camera with 4-5 megapixel resolution to enlarge the size A4 (8.25x11.5 inches) and a Pro Digital Camera 6 Megapixel resolution can be extended up to A4 size 10x15 inches, has any particular Images shot in the near term as a product or a half. However, if a distance that requires very high resolution. It also was not as much.
2. The quality of the image (Image Quality).
Digital cameras typically capture images in Photoshop, TIFF File, JPEG File or image quality RAW File from the file types. Would have been different. The quality of the data that you can set the Image Quality Image Quality by visiting the Menu (or Setting) to go to the Image Quality Image Quality, which is divided into levels.
1. High will keep a TIFF File 8 bit / color, which will not compress the data. Makes the highest quality from the camera. It will consume a large photo collection. The file is large, slow processing power. And the use of imaging systems, some are not. Or less as the shooting continued for the desired image quality.
2. Fine, Normal, Basic will store the images in the JPEG File 8 bit / color, which is compressed. Cause loss of image quality to Fine, it's the least compressed file is larger than most and Basic data compression. File size as small as possible. In general, if used to expand and compress to the Fine, but if you want to save images to CD. Or use the computer to use Normal and If you want to send E-Mail to use Basic, depending on the size of the storage card and the number of images to be captured.
3. RAW files, which require a specific program to open the camera. Can not be used in opening a RAW File from the Digital Image Sensor without any adjustment of the Processor of the camera makes the actual quality of the camera. The gradient color or Bit Depth digital cameras today have a color depth of 12 bit / color, but when the store is a TIFF File are compressed down to 8 bit / color is stored as a RAW File, the number of colors. paint over When the Software only can adjust the color. Clarity and quality, other then to change the RAW File to TIFF File and JPEG File for import to other applications.
Many top professional photographers with a RAW File to CD and keep the original image as a RAW File without losing quality. The color depth (Bit Depth) Software can be used to adjust the quality later. Adjust a variety of formats. And revised, if not satisfied. And if, after the new software comes out. It makes the picture quality is better. While the TIFF File format or JPEG image quality can not be changed later. When to use it to convert it to TIFF or RAW File JPEG.
3. To set the sensitivity.
Digital cameras have sensitivity that is true. Sensitivity to adjust the contrast sensitivity (ISO Equivalents) as compared to photographic film. Sensitivity of digital cameras can be configured in a variety of settings from ISO100 to ISO3200, but the cameras high sensitivity lets you use the aperture is narrow and the shutter speed is very high to take pictures in low light conditions are. convenience. The sensitivity of most digital cameras are at MENU> ISO.
But the picture has a high noise. Due to increased sensitivity. The camera will need to increase the electrical signal into the system. The high noise as well. Digital camera manufacturers now try to solve the problem of noise. By design or processing to reduce noise to a minimum. The lack of noise makes the image contrast, color saturation is similar to grain in the film is very sensitive. The obvious areas of solid colors or dark scenes. Use a sensitivity as low as you can shoot while it has the best image.
4. To set the contrast level.
Some digital cameras can be set to the sharpness of images in a variety of levels. By going to Menu> Sharpness a sharp contrast to three levels: Normal, Medium, Soft does not adjust the contrast and Hard (Sharp) to the highest contrast. Usually adjust the contrast at the Normal, except for portraits that look like cotton. I would be fine if a product is Soft. Scenes or images from a distance. Hard to adjust the contrast is the contrast of the digital camera of the Software on a very sharp increase. A similar margin. To use the Sharpen Filter in Photoshop.
5. Saturation (Color Saturation).
In the mid-level digital camera models. And professional digital cameras. You can set the color saturation. By going to Menu> Color saturation level of colors to choose from four levels: High Saturation High, Normal Saturation moderate, Original, no saturation of color and B & W black and white photographs are usually set. Normal color saturation out of the picture to the bold, the color is set to High-portraits are often set by the Original to skin color, bold, too. If you want to set the black and white B & W.
To adjust the color saturation of it. The gradient colors of the image slightly. Skin color changes. And look up some harsh for scenic shots. Or a product you want to live.
6. The degree of contrast (Contrast, Tone).
Digital Cameras in the moderate to advanced version to be able to set the contrast of the image. By going to Menu> Contrast is typically the contrast is set to Normal or moderate user can increase or decrease the contrast of the image. By choosing to High or Low.
To adjust the contrast is very useful. The shooting outside the place where you can not control the light. The user can set the camera to compensate for the contrast of the image contrast, much or too little of the light conditions, such as shooting in low light conditions, be very cloudy The difference of light in the dark and light are very rare. The outcome is a low contrast. White is not white. And black, not black. Gray image to the whole picture. We can fix this by increasing the contrast of the image at the High-contrast of the image will be higher. The total picture has improved. On the other hand. If your camera has a very different picture is like shooting in a building dating from the image. The contrast of light and dark and light is very high. To the light and dark, no details. Can be solved by adjusting the contrast on the camera, the camera cuts to Low contrast of the image decreases. The details in the dark and light up.
To set the contrast to suit the characteristics of each image is very helpful to use a digital camera. The advantage is that digital cameras use film cameras. The film can not change the contrast to the image. To change in the process of compressing the image by selecting the contrast of the paper.
7. Shutter speed (Shutter Speed, Exposure Time).
One step is very important in photography is to control the brightness of the image. A good picture should be brighter. Not too bright or too dark a picture as the meaning of the image. Control the brightness of the images in digital cameras will have a major control points in three of the sensitivity of the camera, the shutter speed. (Exposure time) at the camera. The aperture of the lens.
Exposure time is the time when the light falls on the image sensor. The image sensor reads the video signal. Digital single lens reflect camera (SLR) camera with face Image Sensor controls the exposure time. When the shutter is open is called "shutter speed" (Shutter Speed) at the light onto the image sensor (Exposure Time) which is the second fee is the same. Compact digital cameras including photographic cameras, digital video The image was taken on the LCD screen on the back of the camera. No Page Image Sensor shutter exposure time is controlled by the reading of the Image Sensor The built-in camera Processor, which is controlled by another.
The exposure time will affect the image two reasons.
1. The brightness of the image dark. Short exposure time. A little light. Make the image darker than the exposure time such as shutter speed 1 second exposure is greater than the shutter speed is 1 / 15 seconds, the settings all the same (sensitivity, aperture), shutter speed 1 second to make the picture brighter. shutter speed 1 / 15 sec.
2. The movement of the image. If an object is moving in the picture. (From the motion of an object. Or the movement of the camera) will make a long-time exposure to vibration. Or blurry than the exposure time is short.
Exposure time is defined as an integer or fractional seconds. Adjust the shutter speed displayed in the ring. In the information display, the viewfinder or the LCD screen on the back of the camera. However, some cameras, the shutter speed is not known.
T and B as shutter speed, shutter open too long. As far as the user wants. Using both Slightly different.
The shutter release is set to T, T, then press the shutter button is pressed. The camera exposure and hold you close the shutter, press the shutter button again. The shutter will close down the shutter on B, then press the shutter, the camera exposure. Users need to press the shutter button all the time to hold the camera exposure. When the shutter release button. The camera shutter will close immediately, both B and T to be measured in the exposure itself. The shutter is opened or closed at any time. (Or until the batteries run out) and should be used in conjunction with a shutter and a tripod to avoid camera shake.
S is the exposure time in units of whole seconds. Most of the figures from the 30s to 1s is 30 to 1 second, the next number is a fraction such as 1/2s, 1/125s, which is sometimes written as an integer, but no s on the end 125 is 1 / 125 seconds is 30. 1 / 30 seconds of the 30s is 30 seconds.
Selecting the shutter speed depending on the need to control the movement of objects in the picture. And the ability to hold the camera steady. The standard shutter speed that can hold the camera still has to be about 1 / 60 to 1 / 250 seconds, depending on the weight of the camera. Speed is lower than the risk of image blur caused by hand is not steady. If you install the camera on a tripod, with no flicker. The higher shutter speed to capture moving objects to stop the better. While the shutter speed to blur moving objects and more. The shutter speed is lower. The shutter speeds. The user must take into account the size and aperture, while the amount of light as well. Not like the shutter speed. For example. If shooting in low light conditions. I want to capture the motion of the object, set the shutter speed is very high. The amount of light falling on the image sensor is not enough. It can capture the motion of an object. The image is dark, making a loss instead. The user must take into account the amount of light at the time that the shutter speed as well. (See scale on the meter).
8. Aperture.
The lens of the camera has a metal blade, metal curtain. Petals arranged in a stack. A metal blade that. "The curtain of light" (Diaphramge) on metal blinds moving out of the openings in the middle called "aperture" (Aperture) of the aperture on a digital camera depends on the type of camera. If there is a camera shutter. Light curtain is activated by light at all times. To control the amount of light falling on the Image Sensor and brightness of the LCD screen, images of digital camera with a digital SLR camera shutter or aperture is wide open as possible to allow light into the viewfinder as much. The vision is clear and easy to adjust the contrast and exposure. When the shutter function. Curtains will close down the aperture. The size of the aperture can be set up.
The size of the aperture serves two reasons.
1. The amount of light the size of the Image Sensor The wide aperture allows more light, the Image Sensor Aperture narrow
2. And depth. Of the front and back of where the definition is called depth of field (Depth of Field).
Aperture to be numbers, called F-Number, or F-Stop, which is calculated using the diameter of the beam through the lens to the aperture and focal length of the lens. Aperture will be different. As follows: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32, 45, 64.
Numerical aperture is back. The calculated size of the beam passing through the lens to the image. Divided by the focal length of the lens. This section is a 1/1.4, such as 1.4, 5.6, etc. is 1/5.6.
A small aperture is wide. Light up. The depth at a very low light. A higher depth. The choice of aperture is determined by the depth desired. To make the foreground and background resolution to open a narrow aperture. If you want to blur the foreground and background should open the aperture wide open view, close-classes are open to the backdrop of the narrow aperture and high resolution. A single portrait or picture to be clear that only the aperture wide open and so on.
9. Photo (Exposure Mode).
The shooting means to control the shutter speed and aperture according to the amount of light in each image. The direction of the light. Or how to adjust shutter speed and aperture it. For digital cameras. In addition to controlling the shutter speed and aperture. Also other systems such as contrast, color saturation. Contrast metering system, continuous shooting. The system adjusts the contrast and so on.
Sign photographers choose Menu> Mode, or may have rings shooting settings on the camera directly. Imaging in most digital cameras will be used as follows.
1. Auto Fully Automatic shooting is a system which automatically controls all camera functions. The shooting. Shutter speed, aperture, contrast, color and light are perfect for photographers who need fast and do not want to set the camera much.
2. Shooting and shooting programs (Special Program) designed to take pictures in different ways. By the appearance of the image. Because each image format to set the shutter speed. Aperture sharp contrast. Saturation are different. Camera manufacturers to create different shots. According to the image to choose from. Basically, it is available in the following.
1. The portraits. For portraits. Most colors are dark and low contrast, low-contrast colors to make the skin look smoother.
2. The movie. Camera movement to a standstill.
3. The night shooting. For shooting in low light conditions.
4. The shooting scene. Camera views, or in remote classes.
There are also other imaging applications. Many manufacturers still use such a program would be designed to capture a child. Gala Night photo shoot images, backlit silhouette shooting, black, etc. These programs are ideal for photographers who need fast, convenient and work well. The user does not have much knowledge of photography.
The shooting program should see the shutter speed and aperture size is too large or too small or not. Because sometimes we need to select the movie to movie to a standstill. But light enough not to use high shutter speeds are not. The image does not meet the purpose. Or it can be opened wide aperture to get a clear shallow. But shooting in very bright light. The camera can adjust shutter speed. This image is too bright, it is likely to as well. Should check the shutter speed and aperture before each time.
3. Program (Program) is an automated imaging systems. In this system, users do not need to set the shutter speed and aperture. Can shoot it. The processing in the camera controls shutter speed. Aperture according to lighting conditions automatically. Ideal for photographers who need fast access, the user should see the shutter speed and aperture the camera selected, it is appropriate or not.
